ISO

Nā Kūlana Kūlohelohe a me nā paʻi ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā huahana nui a ISO nā pae honua. Hoʻopuka pū ʻo ISO i nā hōʻike loea, nā kikoʻī kikoʻī, nā kikoʻī i loaʻa i ka lehulehu, ka corrigenda ʻenehana, a me nā alakaʻi.

Nā kūlana kūpono

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia e hoʻohana ana i ke ʻano ISO [/ IEC] [/ ASTM] [IS] nnnnn [-p]: [yyyy] Kūlana, kahi nnnn ka helu o ka hae, p he helu helu koho, huapalepa ua paʻi ʻia ka makahiki, a Ke poʻo inoa e wehewehe ana i ke kumuhana. IEC no ka mea, International Electrotechnical Komikina hoʻohui ʻia inā nā hualoaʻa maʻamau mai ka hana a ISO / IEC JTC1 (ka Komite Komohana ʻĀina ISO / IEC). ASTM (ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ka hōʻike a me nā ʻenehana) hoʻohana ʻia no nā hana i kūkulu ʻia i ka hui pū ʻana me ASTM International. huapalepa a IS ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia no kahi kūlana piha a i ʻole i paʻi ʻia a ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana e waiho ʻia ma ke poʻo o kahi hana i paʻi ʻia.

Nā hōʻike ʻepekema

Hoʻopuka ʻia kēia mau mea i ka wā i hōʻiliʻili ai kahi kōmike loea a i ʻole kōmike ʻikepili i nā ʻikepili o kekahi ʻano ʻokoʻa mai ka mea i paʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano he International Standard, e like me nā kuhikuhi a me nā wehewehe ʻana. ʻO nā ʻaha inoa no kēia mau mea like me nā kūlana, koe wale nō TR hoʻomākaukau ʻia ma kahi o IS i ka inoa o ka hōʻike.
ʻo kahi laʻana:

• ISO / IEC TR 17799: 2000 Kauka o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa no ka hoʻokele hoʻomalu ʻana i ka ʻike
• ISO / TR 19033: 2000 ʻO ka palapala kiʻi huahana - Metadata no nā palapala kūkulu

Nā kikoʻī ʻepekema a me nā ʻōlelo ākea

Hana ʻia paha nā kikoʻī kikoʻī ke "hoʻomōhala ʻia ke kumuhana e nīnau ʻia ana a i ʻole no kahi kumu ʻē aʻe aia ka wā e hiki mai ana akā ʻaʻole hiki koke i kahi ʻaelike e paʻi i kahi International Standard". ʻO kahi kikoʻī i loaʻa ākea ka mea maʻamau “kahi kikoʻī waena, i paʻi ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o kahi International Standards piha, a i ʻole i IEC he paʻi pālua 'i paʻi ʻia me ka hui pū ʻana me kahi hui kūwaho”. Ma ka ʻaha kūkā, kapa ʻia nā ʻano kikoʻī ʻelua i ke ʻano e like me nā hōʻike loea o ka hui.
ʻo kahi laʻana:

• ISO / TS 16952-1: 2006 Pūnaewele hana ʻenehana - Pūnaehana hoʻonohonoho kumuhana - ʻĀpana 1: Nā rula noi palapala nui
• ISO / PAS 11154: 2006 ʻO nā kaʻa alanui - lawe nā pihoʻi halihali

Technigenda ʻokoʻa

Hoʻopuka pū kekahi ʻo ISO i kekahi manawa i ka "ʻenehana corrigenda" (kahi o "corrigenda" ka nui o ka corrigendum). ʻO kēia nā hoʻololi i hana ʻia i nā kūlana e kū nei ma muli o nā hemahema ʻenehana liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana i ka hoʻohana, a i ʻole nā ​​palena palena palena o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana. Hoʻopuka ʻia lākou me ka manaʻo e hoʻohou a huki ʻia paha ke kūlana i hoʻopili ʻia i kāna loiloi hou ʻia.

Nā alakaʻi alakaʻi ISO

ʻO kēia nā meta-standard e uhi ana i nā "mea e pili ana i ka standard standardization". Kapa ʻia lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana “ISO [/ IEC] Alakaʻi N: yyyy: poʻo inoa”.
ʻo kahi laʻana:

• Kūlana ISO / IEC 2: 2004 Pāʻani like a me nā hana e pili ana - Kūkulu nui
• Kūlana ISO / IEC 65: 1996 Manaʻo nui no nā kino e hōʻoia ana i ka huahana huahana

ʻO kahi ʻano hana i paʻi ʻia e ka ISO / IEC ka pae hope loa o kahi kaʻina lōʻihi e hoʻomaka pinepine me ka noi ʻana o nā hana hou i loko o ke komite. Eia kekahi mau pōkole i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hōʻailona ʻana i kahi kūlana me kona kūlana:

• PWI - Mea Hana Hana
• Nānā NP or NWIP - Nā Kūlana Hou / Hou Hana Hou (e hoʻohālikelike ai, ISO / IEC NP 23007)
• AWI - ʻae ʻia ka hana hana hou (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ISO / IEC AWI 15444-14)
• WD - Ke Kuhiakau (eg, ISO / IEC WD 27032)
• CD - Komite Hoʻolā (e like me, ISO / IEC CD 23000-5)
• FCD - ʻĀina Kōmike Hope hope (e hoʻohālikelike ai, ISO / IEC FCD 23000-12)
• DIS - Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo Nā Manaʻo (eg, ISO / IEC DIS 14297)
• FDIS - Final Draft International Standard (e hoʻohālikelike ai, ISO / IEC FDIS 27003)
• PRF - Hōʻoiaʻiʻo i kahi Kūlana Hou Hou (e hoʻohālikelike ai, ISO / IEC PRF 18018)
• IS - Kūlana Kūlohelohe (eg, ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007)

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hoʻololi ʻia:

• NP Amd - Hana Hou Hou Hou (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ISO / IEC 15444-2: 2004 / NP Amd 3)
• AWI Amd - Hoʻoholo hou ʻia nā hana hana hou (e like me, ISO / IEC 14492: 2001 / AWI Amd 4)
• WD Amd - Hana Hou Hana Hoʻolālā (e hoʻohālikelike ai, ISO 11092: 1993 / WD Amd 1)
• CD Amd / PDAmd - Nā Hoʻolālā Kūlohelohe o ke Kōmike / Hoʻololi Hoʻohuli Hoʻololi (e like me, ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / CD Amd 6)
• FPDAmd / DAM (DAmd) - Hoʻomalu Hoʻolālā Maikaʻi / Hoʻouku Hoʻololi (Hoʻohui, ISO / IEC 14496-14: 2003 / FPDAmd 1)
• FDAM (FDAmd) - Hoʻololi Hou Hana Hoʻopiʻi (eg, ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / FDAmd 4)
• PRF Amd - (e hoʻohālikelike ai, ISO 12639: 2004 / PRF Amd 1)
• Amd - Hana Hou (eg, ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / Amd 1: 2007)

Nā pōkole:

• TR - ʻ Technicallelo Hoʻoikaika (e like me, ISO / IEC TR 19791: 2006)
• DTR - Pūnaewele Manaʻo Hoʻoikaika (e laʻa, ISO / IEC DTR 19791)
• TS - ʻ Speclelo Hōʻailona (e like me, ISO / TS 16949: 2009)
• DTS - Nā Kuhi Hana ʻenehana (e hoʻohālikelike ai, ISO / DTS 11602-1)
• PAS - Pāʻālua Pākuʻaha Pākuʻi
• TTA - E nānā ʻia e nā ʻenehana loea (Technology, ISO / TTA 1: 1994)
• IWA - ʻ Workslelo Hana Haʻawina Nui (hoʻohālikelike, IWA 1: 2005)
• Cor - ʻ Corrlelo kūloko manuahi (e like me, ISO / IEC 13818-1: 2007 / Cor 1: 2008)
• Kūlana - kahi alakaʻi i nā komite ʻenehana no ka hoʻomākaukau o nā kūlana

Hoʻolālā ʻia nā Standards International e nā kōmike ʻenehana ISO (TC) a me nā subcommittees (SC) e ke kaʻina hana me nā ʻanuʻu ʻeono.

• Wehi 1: Ke kaʻina hoʻokō
• Papa 2: Ke papa hana hoʻomākaukau
• Hana 3: Kūʻai Komite
• Mokupuni 4: Nānā nīnau
• Mokuna 5: pae ʻae ʻae
• Papa 6: Paʻa paʻi

E hoʻonohonoho iā TC / SC nā hui hana (WG) o ka poʻe loea no ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i kahi papa hana. Loaʻa i nā poʻe kikowaena he mau hui hana, hiki ke loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau Sub Sub (SG).

Hiki ke haʻalele i kekahi mau pae, inā aia kahi palapala me kahi kekelē o ke kūlana makua i ka hoʻomaka o kahi papahana standardization, no kahi laʻana he kūlana i hoʻomohala ʻia e kahi hui ʻē aʻe. ʻAe ʻo ISO / IEC kuhikuhi i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Fast-track kaʻina". I kēia kaʻina hana ua waiho pololei ʻia kahi palapala no ka ʻae ʻana ma ke ʻano he draft International Standard (DIS) i nā lālā lālā o ISO a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he draft hope loa International Standard (FDIS) inā i hoʻomohala ʻia ka palapala e kahi hui kaulike kūwaho i ʻike ʻia e ka ISO Council.

ʻO ka ʻanuʻu mua — he noi no ka hana (Proposal Hou) i ʻae ʻia i ka kōmike nui e pili ana a i ʻole ke kōmike loea (e laʻa me SC29 a me JTC1 i ka manawa o Moving Picture Experts Group - ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11). Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi hui hana (WG) o ka poʻe loea e ka TC / SC no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kahi kikoʻī hana. Ke hoʻomālamalama pono ʻia ka laulā o kahi hana hou, e noi ākea ana kekahi o nā hui hana (e laʻa me MPEG) no nā noi - ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he "kāhea no nā noi". ʻO ka palapala mua i hana ʻia e laʻa me ke ana hoʻohālikelike leo a me ke wikiō i kapa ʻia he hōʻailona hōʻoia (VM) (i kapa ʻia ma mua he "hoʻohālike hoʻohālikelike a hoʻāʻo"). Ke loaʻa ka hilinaʻi kūpono i ke kūpaʻa o ke kūlana ma lalo o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hana ʻia kahi kikoʻī hana (WD). ʻO kēia ma ke ʻano o kahi maʻamau akā mālama ʻia i loko i ka hui e hana no ka hoʻoponopono. Ke lawa ka paʻa ʻana o kahi kōmike hana a māʻona ka pūʻulu hana ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ka hopena ʻenehana kūpono i ka pilikia e kamaʻilio ʻia, lilo ia i kōmike kōmike (CD). Inā koi ʻia, hoʻouna ʻia i nā lālā P o ka TC / SC (nā hui aupuni) no ke koho balota.

Lilo ka CD i kōmike kōmike hope loa (FCD) inā ʻo ka helu o nā balota maikaʻi ma luna o ka papa. E noʻonoʻo ʻia nā palapala kōmike kūpau a hiki i ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka ʻikepili ma ka ʻenehana. Ke hiki ʻia, hoʻopau ʻia ka huaʻōlelo no ka waiho ʻana ma ke ʻano he International draft (DIS). Waiho ʻia ka ʻōlelo i nā kino aupuni no ke koho balota ʻana a me ka ʻōlelo ma loko o ʻelima mau mahina. Ua ʻae ʻia no ka waiho ʻana ma ke ʻano he draft hope loa International Standard (FDIS) inā ʻae ʻia ka hapakolu o ka hapa nui o nā lālā P o ka TC / SC a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ka hapahā o ka huina o nā balota i maikaʻi ʻole. E paʻa ana ʻo ISO i kahi balota me nā National Bodies kahi i ʻae ʻole ʻia nā hoʻololi ʻenehana (ʻae / ʻaʻole balota), i loko o ʻelua mau mahina. Ua ʻae ʻia ma ke ʻano he International Standard (IS) inā he ʻelua hapakolu o ka hapa nui o nā lālā P o ka TC / SC e makemake a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku i ka hapahā o ka nui o nā balota i koho ʻole. Ma hope o ka ʻae ʻia, hoʻolauna wale ʻia nā hoʻololi hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi i ka huaʻōlelo hope loa. Hoʻouna ʻia ka huaʻōlelo hope loa i ka ISO Central Secretariat, nāna e hoʻopuka ma ke ʻano he International Standard.