PET

ʻO Polyethylene terephthalate (i nā manawa kākau i kākau ʻia (ethylene terephthalate)), i hōʻā pinepine ʻia PET, PETE, a i ʻole PETP mākaʻina i ʻole ka PET-P, ka mea maʻamau mea ʻeleʻele pīlali resin o polyester lilo ka ʻohana a hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā fibers no ke kapa komo, nā ipu no nā wai wai a me nā meaʻai, thermoforming no ka hana ʻana, a i hui pū ʻia me ke aniani o ke aniani no nā ʻenehana loea.

E hiki paha ke kau ʻia e ka inoa inoa inoa ʻO Dacron; ma Pelekane, ʻO Terylene; a i ʻole, ma Rūsia a me nā Soviet Soviet mua, ʻO Lavsan.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā hana PET o ka honua no nā olonā synthetic (i ʻoi aku ma mua o 60%), me ka hana ʻana o ka hue e pili ana i 30% o ka noi honua. I loko o ka pōʻaiapili o nā noi lole, kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo PET e kona inoa maʻamau, polyester, oiai o ka acronym PET hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e pili me ka hoʻopuni. Hana ʻia ʻo Polyester e pili ana i 18% o ka hana polymer honua a he helu ʻehā ka nui pīlali; polyethylene(PE), polypropylene (PP) a polyvinyl koloriside (PVC) ka mua, ka lua a me ke kolu, kēlā.

PET na polymerized nā ʻāpana o ka monomer ethylene terephthalate, me ka hana hou ʻana (C₁₀H₈O₄) nā ʻāpana. Hoʻopau pinepine ʻia ʻo Pet, a loaʻa iā ia ka helu 1 kona hōʻailona hoʻoiho ʻana.

Wahi a ka pānaʻina ʻana a me ka mōʻaukala wela, hiki i ka polyethylene terephthalate ke ola ʻelua e like me ka amorphous (i ka pulu) a me ka polymer semi-crystalline. ʻIke ʻia paha nā mea semicrystalline (ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi <500 nm) a i ʻole opaque a keʻokeʻo (ka nui o nā ʻāpana a i kekahi mau micrometers) kaukaʻi ʻia i kāna hanana aniani a me ka nui o ka huna. Kona monomer bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate hiki ke kope ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa estestification ka hopena ma waena waikaʻi terephthalic a Ethylene glycol me ka wai ma ke kō, a i ʻole transesterification ka hopena ma waena Ethylene glycol a dimethyl terephthalate me metanola e like me ka mea waiwai. E ala ʻia ka polymerization ma o a polycondition ka hopena o ka monomers (hana koke ma hope o ka esterification / transesterification) me ka wai me ka byproduct.

Nā inoa
Inoa IUPAC Poly (ethyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate)
Nā mea ʻike
Kāleka CAS	25038-59-9
ailona	PET, PETE
Nā Kuleana
Keʻano mea lāʻau	(C10H8O4)n
Papale ʻaʻa	uila
nuʻa	1.38 g / cm3 (20 ° C), hui nui: 1.370 g / cm3, kristal leo: 1.455 g / cm3
ʻO ka helu kau	> 250 ° C, 260 ° C
ʻO ka paila	> 350 ° C (decomposes)
Ke kūpaʻa i ka wai	hikiwila molowa
Ke kaohi maʻamau	0.15 a 0.24 W m-1 K-1
Hōʻike kuhikuhi(nD)	1.57-1.58, 1.5750
Hāʻawi like
Kūkoʻa e kau wela (C)	1.0 kJ / (kg · K)
Nā pūhui pili
Related Nā Mokuhopu	Ka waikawa Terephthalic ʻO Ethylene glycol
Ma waho aʻe o kahi ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻike no nā mea i loko o kā lākou kūlana ʻona (ma 25 ° C [77 ° F], 100 kPa).

hana

No ka mea, he wai maikaʻi loa nā papa a me ka hoʻohuihue wai ʻana i nā pahu, nā pahu wai i hana ʻia mai ka Pehu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻawaʻawa (ʻike i ka carbonation). No kekahi mau wai kūikawā, e like me ka mea i koho ʻia no ka wai ʻawaʻawa ʻana, ʻo kahi mea minamina o PET ka mea e hoʻomohala ʻia ai ka wai polyvinyl alkohol (PVOH) e hōʻemi hou ʻia kona oxygen hāmeʻa.

Piʻi hoʻoliʻiliʻi Biaxially kiʻi ʻoniʻoni (ʻike pinepine ʻia e kekahi o kāna mau inoa kālepa, "Mylar") hiki ke aluminized e evaporating he lahilahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ka mea hao ia ia e ho'ēmi i kona permeability, a e hana ia reflective a me ka opaque (MPET).). Kūpono kēia mau waiwai i nā noi he nui, me ka meaʻai kūpono 'ōpala a wela ʻaila. E nānā: “lole pale". Ma muli o kona ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni PET i nā noi leki, e like me ka mea lawe no ka leki uila a i ʻole ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā lipine liki piliki.

Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka PET ʻōhua e hana i nā pale polū a me nā hua blister. Inā hoʻohana i ka crystallizable PET, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ala no nā pāʻina pōkole, no ka mea e kū like lākou i ka kime a me ka umu. Ke kū'ē nei i ka PET amorphous, ka mea i ʻike pololi, i ka ʻoluʻolu i ka ʻoniʻoni a i ʻole CPET ke kiʻi ʻeleʻele.

I ka hoʻopiha ʻia o nā ʻāpana aniani a i ʻole nā ​​fibers, e lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi a mauʻu.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PET ma kahi o ka substrate i loko o nā kinipōpō paneli lāhina.

A hoʻohui ʻia hoʻi ʻo Terylene i loko o ka piko o ke kaula e kōkua i ke pale ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaula ma ke ala ʻana i ka umauma.

mō'aukala

Ua hoʻohiki ʻia ʻo PET i ka makahiki 1941 e John Rex Whinfield, ʻo James Tennant Dickson a me ko lākou haku hana ʻo ka hui ʻo Calico Printers 'Association o Manchester, ʻEnelani. ʻO EI DuPont de Nemours ma Delaware, USA, i hoʻohana mua i ka inoa inoa Mylar i Iune 1951 a loaʻa ka inoa o ia mea ma 1952. ʻO ia nō ka inoa kaulana loa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka kiʻi polyester. ʻO ka mea nona ka inoa o kēia manawa ʻo DuPont Teijin Films US, kahi hui pū me kahi hui Kepani.

I ka Soviet Union, ua hana mua ʻia ʻo PET i loko o nā keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka Institute of High-Molecular Compounds o ka USSR Academy of Science i 1949, a ʻo kona inoa "Lavsan" kahi inoa o ia mea (laонститута высокомолекулярных соединений Академии наук ССС).

Ua mihi ʻo ka pahu pēpē ma ka 1973 e Nathaniel Wyeth.

Nāʻano kino

ʻO PET i kona ʻano kūlohelohe kahi resin kala ʻole, semi-crystalline. Ma muli o ka hana ʻia ʻana, hiki i ka PET ke lilo i semi-rigid i ka ʻoʻoleʻa, a māmā loa ia. Hana ia i kahi kinoea maikaʻi a me ka pale o ka makū maikaʻi, a me kahi pale maikaʻi i ka waiʻona (koi i ka lāʻau "pale" hou) a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe. He ikaika a pale ʻole ia. Ua keʻokeʻo ʻo PET inā hōʻike ʻia i ka chloroform a me kekahi mau kemika ʻē aʻe e like me ka toluene.

Ma kahi o 60% crystallization ʻo ke palena kiʻekiʻe no nā huahana pāʻoihana, me kaʻole o nā poli polyester. Hiki ke hua ʻia nā huahana kūloko e ka wikiwiki hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka polymer ma lalo o T_g ke aniani hoʻololi hoʻololi e hana i kahi paʻa amorphous. E like me ke aniani, ke ʻano amorphous PET ke hāʻawi ʻole ʻia kona mau mole i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻonohonoho iā lākou iho i kahi kaʻina, a me ke ʻano crystalline ke hoʻoluʻolu. I ke ana wela o ka mola i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā mole i kahi, akā, inā hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka ikehu wela i loko o lākou e ka hoʻomehana ʻana ma luna o T_g, hoʻomaka lākou e neʻe hou, ʻae i ka crystals e ulu a ulu. ʻIke ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he crystallization solid-state.

Ke ʻae ʻia e hoʻolalilohi mālie ʻia, hoʻomohala ʻia ka polymer hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻikinikini hou aku. Loaʻa kēia waiwai nā mākauʻu piha i nā mea liʻiliʻi Nā ʻomio i ke aniani ʻana mai ka amorphous solid, ma mua o ka hana ʻana i hoʻokahi aniani nui. Hoʻolaha ka māmā i ka lulu i ka wā e hele ai i nā palena ma waena o ka crystallites a me nā ʻāpana amorphous ma waena o lākou. ʻO kēia hoʻopuehu, ʻo ia hoʻi he opaque a keʻokeʻo ka crystalline PET i ka hapa nui. ʻO ka kiʻi Fiber ma waena o nā hana liʻiliʻi o nā hana e hana i kahi huahana aniani.

ʻIkeʻai ʻole

ʻO kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka PET i kapa ʻia ka wai komo (IV).

Ka ʻike manuahi i ka mea i ʻike ʻia, i loaʻa e ka extrapolating i ke kinina ʻo ka nānā ʻana o ka ʻike ʻike nui i ke kūpaʻa ana e helu ʻia ai ka nā mea hoʻihoʻi pākolu (dℓ / g). Kūpaʻa ʻia ka hoʻolaha maloʻo ma ka lōʻihi o kona mau kaula polimino akā ʻaʻohe ʻōnaehana ma muli o ka extrapolated i ka neʻe ʻana. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā kaula polimerika i nā hoʻopiʻi ma waena o nā kaulahao a no laila e kiʻekiʻe aʻe ka kime Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke kaula kaulike o kekahi ʻāpana o ka resin i ka wā polycondition.

ʻO ka kikoʻe lapalapa o ka PET:

Palapala Fiber

0.40–0.70 Kahuʻula

0.72–0.98 Ke kālai uila, nā kaea uila

Kahi kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni

0.60-0.70 POPETA (biaxially orient PET film)

0.70–1.00 Papa helu no ʻōhua

ʻAka pahu

0.70–0.78 Nā hue wai (pāwī)

0.78–0.85 Kēlā mea inu ʻona ʻona kūmaha

Monofilament, kaila uila

1.00-2.00

ʻOhi

PET o hygroscopic, ʻo ia hoʻi ke omo ia i ka wai mai nā wahi a puni. Eia naʻe, ke hoʻomehana ʻia kēia PET "pulu", ka wai hydrolyze ka PET, i hoʻohiolo i kona kūpaʻa. No laila, ma mua o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o ka resin i ka mīkini hoʻopihapiha, pono e maloʻo. Loaʻa ʻia ka hoʻomaloʻo ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi mea desiccant aiʻole nā ​​mea ʻuʻulu ma mua o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka pēpē i loko o nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana.

Ma loko o ka mea hoʻomaloʻo, pume ʻia ka ea maloʻo wela i loko o ka hopper o ka hopper i loaʻa i ka kēpau i mea e kahe ai i luna i loko o nā pulu, e hemo ana i ka ona i kona ala. Haʻalele ka ea pulu wela i ka piko o ka hopper a holo mua ʻia ma waena o kahi anuanu, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana i ka wai mai ke ea anuanu ma mua o ka ea wela. Hoʻopili ʻia ke ea pulu maikaʻi ma waena o kahi moena desiccant. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hoʻomehana hou ʻia ke anuanu maloʻo e waiho ana i ka moena desiccant i kahi mea hoʻomehana kaʻina a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ma o nā hana like i loko o ka loop loop. ʻO ka maʻamau, nā koena o ka wai i ke kēpau e pono ma lalo o 50 mau ʻāpana no ka miliona (nā ʻāpana o ka wai i kēlā me kēia miliona ʻāpana o ke kēpau, ma ke kaupaona) ma mua o ka hana ʻana. ʻAʻole e pōkole ka manawa noho maloʻo ma mua o ʻehā mau hola. ʻO kēia no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka mea ma lalo o 4 mau hola e koi ai i kahi mahana ma luna o 160 ° C, ma kēlā pae hydrolysis e hoʻomaka i loko o nā pā i mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka maloʻo.

Hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo i ka pēpē i ka maloʻo resin air compressed. Hoʻopau ʻole nā ​​kahu hau i hoʻomoʻa ʻole i ka ea maloo. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lewa hoʻoluʻu i hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka paila PET ma loko o ka desiccant dryer, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka ea.

Nā mea ʻoliā

I ke keuhomopolymer) PET, PET hoʻololi ma o hoʻo·polymerization aia kekahi.

I kekahi mau hihia, ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka copolymer i makemake nui ʻia no kahi noi. O kahi laʻana, cymlohexane dimethanol (CHDM) hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ka kua polu polymer ma kahi o Ethylene glycol. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia palaka hale (6 mau ʻāpana ʻāpana carbon hou aʻe) ma mua o ka anakahi ethylene glycol i pani ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e kūpono me nā kaulahao kokoke e like me ke ʻano o ka elylene glycol unit. Hoʻopilikia kēia me ka crystallization a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana hoʻoheheʻe o ka polymer. Ma ka laulā, ʻike ʻia kēlā PET me PETG a i ʻole PET-G (Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-i hoʻololi ʻia; Eastman Chemical, SK Chemicals, a me Artenius Italia kekahi mau mea hana PETG). ʻO PETG kahi thermoplastic amorphous maopopo i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole ka extruded sheet. Hiki ke kala ʻia i ke kaʻina hana.

ʻO kekahi mea hoʻololi maʻamau kaomi isophthalic, ke hoʻololi nei i kekahi o nā 1,4- (no-) pili pili terephthalate wae. ʻĀina 1,2- (orthu-) ai 'ole 1,3- (meta-) pili ka pilina ma kahi kihi i loko o ke kaulahao, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale i ke aniani.

Loaʻa maikaʻi kēlā mau copolymers no nā noi kele, e like me ʻōhua, ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ke pālaʻi ʻana a i ʻole ke kīleʻe blister mai nā kiʻi co-PET, a i ʻole sheet amorphous PET (A-PET) a i ʻole sheet PETG. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he mea nui ka crystallization i nā noi ʻē aʻe kahi mea nui ka mīkini a me ka dimensional, e like me nā kāʻei noho. No nā kīʻaha PET, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā hua liʻiliʻi o ka waikawa isophthalic, CHDM, kekehi glycol Hiki i nā ʻenemi (DEG) a i ʻole nā ​​mea hōʻuluʻulu ʻē aʻe: inā he mau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō e hoʻohana ʻia, ua lohi ʻia ka crystallization akā ʻaʻole i pale ʻole. ʻO ke hopena, hiki ke loaʻa nā hue ma nā kauā ʻana i ka pana ("SBM"), he moakāka a crystalline nā mea āpau e lilo i pale ākea i nā mea ʻala a me nā kinoea, e like me carbon dioxide i nā mea inu carbonated.

iecaianoaaiiuo

Hoʻohana ʻia ka Polyethylene terephthalate mai Ethylene glycol a dimethyl terephthalate (C₆H₄(CO₂CH₃)₂) ai 'ole waikaʻi terephthalic.

O ka wa e transesterification hopena, ʻoiai ka mea o ka mea ʻokoʻa estestification kūoʻa.

Hana kaʻina Dimethyl terephthalate

In dimethyl terephthalate ke kaʻina hana, hoʻopili ʻia kēia hui a me nā glycol ethylene nui i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma 150-200 ° C me a nā hoʻoili kumu. Ka Methanol (CH₃Lawe ʻia ʻo OH) e ka distillation e hoʻokele i ka hopena i mua. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka ethylene glycol nui i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe me ke kōkua o ka hakahaka. Ke hele nei ka lua o ka transesterification i 270-280 ° C, me ka distillation mau o ka ethylene glycol pū kekahi.

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea kūhoole penei

ʻO ka hana mua

C₆H₄(CO₂CH₃)₂ + 2 HALE₂CH₂OH → C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ + 2 CH₃OH

Hana ʻelua

n C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂ → [(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂ʻO)]_n + n HOCH₂CH₂OH

ʻO ke kaʻina hana waʻa Terephthalic

I ka waikaʻi terephthalic ke kaʻina hana, alakaʻi pololei ʻia ka esterification o ka ethylene glycol a me ka terephthalic acid i ke kaomi kaulike (2.7-5.5 bar) a me ke kiʻekiʻe wela (220-260 ° C). Hoʻopau ʻia ka wai i ka hopena, a hoʻopau mau ʻia ia e ka distillation:

n C₆H₄(CO₂H)₂ + n HOCH₂CH₂OH → [(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂ʻO)]_n + 2n H₂O

Pauki

Hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo PAP i nā ʻano ʻano ʻewaʻewa i ka wā e hoʻoiho ai. ʻO nā hōʻino nui e hiki ke hele mai he hydrolytic, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koʻikoʻi thermal. Ke hoʻohaumaha ʻia ʻo PET, nui nā mea i hala: discoloration, chain hoʻohewa e hopena ma ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaumaha mololi, hoʻokumu ʻana o acetaldehyde, a nā pilina pili ("Gel" a i ʻole "hoʻokumu iʻa-maka"). Hoʻololi ʻia ka discoloration i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o nā ʻōnaehana chromophoric ma hope o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o ka hoʻomehana wela ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. Lilo kēia i pilikia inā kiʻekiʻe loa nā koi ʻōnika o ka polymer, e like me nā hoʻopili ʻōpala. ʻO ka hopena wela a me thermooxidative hopena i nā ʻano hana maikaʻi ʻole a me ka hana o nā mea.

ʻO kahi ala e hoʻoneʻe i kēia e hoʻohana i kahi helena. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea hoʻolālā e like me CHDM a i ʻole kaomi isophthalic hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pāʻana o ka hoʻoemi ʻana a hōʻemi i ke kaina o ke aniani o ka PET (i mea nui nui i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ka waihona no ka hana ʻili. No laila, hiki ke hana plin i ka resin i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me / a me ke ʻano haʻahaʻa loa. Hāʻawi kēia i ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale, hōʻemi i ka ʻike acetaldehyde o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia (ʻo ia hoʻi, unnoticeable) pae. See nā kāula, i luna. ʻO kahi ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka paʻa o ka polymer ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻokūkū, ʻo ka nui o nā antioxidants e like me hakiā. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka manawa hou nei, ua noʻonoʻo pū ʻia ka molekui level stabilization o ka waiwai e hoʻohana ana i nā mīkini nanostructured.

ʻAcetaldehyde

ʻAcetaldehyde he mea kala ʻole, hū me ka ʻaʻala Fruity. ʻOiai ʻano kūlohelohe ia i loko o kekahi mau hua, hiki iā ia ke kumu i kahi ʻono ʻole i ka wai ʻōmole. Hana ʻia nā Acetaldehyde e ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o PET ma o ka mishandling o nā mea. ʻO nā mahana wela (decomposes ʻo PET ma luna o 300 ° C a i ʻole 570 ° F), nā piʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā wikiwiki extruder (hoʻāla ka nui o ka shear i ka mahana), a me nā manawa noho lōʻihi o nā barela e hāʻawi i ka acetaldehyde. Ke hana ʻia ka acetaldehyde, hemo kekahi o ia i loko o nā paia o kahi ipu a laila huehue i loko o ka huahana i mālama i loko, hoʻololi i ka ʻono a me ka ʻono. ʻAʻole kēia he pilikia no ka mau mea ʻole (e like me ka shampoo), no nā wai momona (aia i loaʻa i ka acetaldehyde), a i nā mea inu ikaika e like me nā mea ʻoluʻolu. No ka wai i loko o ka wai, akā, he mea nui ka nui o ka acetaldehyde, no ka mea, inā ʻaʻole e kāwili i ka ʻala, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea haʻahaʻa loa (10-20 mau pākēneka i loko o ka wai i loko o ka wai) o ka acetaldehyde hiki mai i ka ʻono.

ʻO Antimony

ʻO Antimony (Sb) kahi mea metalloid kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomakeʻe i ke ʻano o nā pūhui like antio trioxide (Sb₂O₃) aiʻole antimony triacetate i ka hana ʻana i ka PET. Ma hope o ka hana ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ʻāpana o ke anilā e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻano o ka huahana. Hiki ke holoi i ke koena me ka holoi ʻana. Ke noho nei ʻo Antimony ma ka lako ponoʻī a hiki, no laila, hele i waho i ka meaʻai a me nā mea inu. Hiki i ke kaʻa ke hoʻolapalapa a microwave paha hiki ke hoʻonui i nā nui o ka antimonimo nui, e ʻoi aʻe paha ma mua o ka USEPA kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka palena wai inu i loiloi ʻia e WHO he 20 mau ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia piliona (WHO, 2003), a ʻo ka palena wai inu ma USA he 6 ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia biliona. ʻOiai ʻo ka antimony trioxide he haʻahaʻa o ka pīhoihoi ke lawe ʻia me ka waha, ke hopohopo nei kona alo. ʻO Kuikilana Ke Keena o ke Aupuni Aupuni ua ʻimi i ka nui o ka neʻe antimony, e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā wai i ʻōmole ʻia i PET a me ke aniani: ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā wai antimony o ka wai i loko o nā hue PET, akā aia nō naʻe ma lalo pono o ka nui i ʻae ʻia. Ua hoʻopau ʻo Swiss Federal Office of Public Health i ka neʻe iki ʻana o ka antimony mai ka PET i loko o ka wai ʻōmole, akā ʻo ka hopena o ke olakino e loaʻa nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (1% o ka "ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā”Hoʻoholo ʻia e ka WHO). A ma hope (2006) akā ua hoʻolaha ākea ākea ʻike ʻia nā helu like o antimony i ka wai i nā ʻōmole PET. Ua hoʻolaha ka WHO i kahi loiloi weliweli no ka antimony i ka wai inu.

ʻO nā wai wai huaʻai (ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā alakaʻi), eia nō naʻe, ua hana ʻia a ʻōmole ʻia i PET ma UK i loaʻa i ka 44.7 /g / L o ka antimony, ma luna pono o nā palena EU no wai i ka wai o 5 µg / L.

Meaolaola

nocardia hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā i ka pēpē me kahi enzyme esterase.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻepekema o Iapana i kahi bacterium ʻO Ideonella sakaiensis ka mea e loaʻa ai nā ʻaina ʻelua e hiki ke hōʻoki i ka PET i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka bacteria. He ʻoni ʻāina o I. sakaiensis hiki ke wehe i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e pili ana i ʻeono pule.

Maukele

ʻ publishedlelo pili i paʻi ʻia Nā Manaʻo Ola Ola i loko o ʻApelila 2010 ua hoʻolālā aku ka hopena o PET hana hoʻonoho endocrine ma lalo o nā kūlana o ka hoʻohana maʻamau a me ka noiʻi noiʻi ʻana i kēia kumuhana. Nā ʻōnaehana i ʻōlelo ʻia nā phthalates me he leʻo ʻana o ʻĀpana. ^ E Ha yM. Kuhi ʻia i paʻi ʻia Ka Nupepa o ka nānā ʻana o ka nohona i ka hopena o ʻApelila 2012 e pili ana i ka nānāʻana o antimonio i wai wai waiho ʻia i loko o nā ʻōmole PET ma loko o ka palena ʻae ʻia o EU a ʻoiai e waiho pōkole ʻia i nā mahana a hiki i ka 60 ° C (140 ° F), ʻoiai nā ʻōmole ʻōmole (wai a me nā mea inu momona) i kekahi manawa i ʻoi aku ka palena o ka EU ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o hoʻokahi makahiki ma ka lumi mahana.

ʻO nā lako hana tukolapa

ʻElua mau ala e hoʻohua ai i nā haki pēpē, hoʻokahi a ka manawa hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha. I nā papa hana ʻelua, ʻelua mau mīkini ʻokoʻa. Hoʻololi ka mīkini mīkini wana mua i ka mana mua, ka mea i like me ka ngongo hoʻāʻo, me nā ʻāpana ʻili iho i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kino o ka uka, no ka mea e hoʻoili ʻia ai ia i loko o kona ʻano hope i ka hana ʻelua e hoʻohana ai kauā ʻana i ka pana.

Ma ka hana ʻelua, ua hoʻomoʻo koke nā preforms i laila a hoʻohuhū ʻia i ka lua ʻāpana ʻelua e hana iā lākou i loko o ke ʻano o ka hue. Hoʻohana ʻia nā preforms (nā ipu wai ʻole uninflated) e like me nā mea paʻa a me nā mea pono ʻole; he ʻokoʻa kā ka mea pono wale nō, e kuhi kekahi kekahi mau Red Cross i ka ʻāpana o ka papahana Vial of Life i nā poʻe home hale e mālama i ka moʻolelo olakino no nā mea pane pōpilikia. ʻO kekahi mea hoʻohana maʻamau no ka preforms he mau ipu i loko o ka hana waho Geocaching.

Ma kahi pahu hana hoʻokahi, ka hana holoʻokoʻa mai ka paena maka i ka ipu paʻa i hana ʻia i loko o hoʻokahi mīkini, e hana kūpono i ka hana ʻokiʻoki ʻokoʻa ʻili, a me nā kīʻaha, nā ʻāpana oval, nā ʻano hana a me nā mea nui. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka wahi, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka huahana a me ka ikaika, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike ʻike kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ʻelua.

Hoʻolauna pākela ʻāina ʻo Polyester

I ka makahiki 2016, ua manaʻo ʻia he 56 miliona mau pū o ka PEA i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻOiai hiki i ka hapanui o nā thermoplastics ke, ma ke kumu, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia. Hoʻolāleʻa ʻoliʻoli ʻōlaʻi pipi ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka nui o nā noi pepa loea ma muli o ka waiwai nui o ka resin a me ka hana like loa o ka pēpē ʻana no ka pēpē piha no ka wai ākea a me nā wai ʻona kōpaʻa ʻawaʻawa. PET ma pāʻālua inoa resin o 1. Hoʻohana ka poʻomanaʻo no ka recycled PET he polyester puluniu, hakina, a me na mea ai ole ole.

Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka PET a me ka nui o nā mea pili o pau ʻole mea hana i loko o ke ʻano o nā hue wai, lawe koke ʻo Pet i ka ʻāpana mākeke e like me ka mālamalama kalepa. ʻOihana Mohawk ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia everSTRAND ma 1999, kahi 100% post-consumer resycled content PET fiber. Mai ia manawa, ua ʻoi aku ma mua o 17 bily mau hue kūpaʻa i hoʻoili ʻia i loko o ka huapuni kalapu. ʻO Pharr Yarns, kahi mea hoʻolako i nā mea hana kalepa he nui me Looptex, Dobbs Mills, a me Berkshire Flooring, e hoʻōla i kahi ʻenehana BCF (bulk hoʻomau mau loa) ʻĀpana pale piha me ka mea haʻahaʻa o 25% mau mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i mea kūʻai ʻia.

ʻO PAH, me ka nui o nā plastics, he mea koho maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻokau wai.hoʻopiʻi), e like me ia ka mea e ili ai ke kalapona, hydrogen, a me ka oxygen, me nā mea he nui o ke kāʻei wale o nā pōpilikia (akā ʻaʻohe pūpoko). ʻO kā PET ka ikehu o ka ikehu pūleo maloʻo.

Ke hoʻoiho hou ʻia ai ka polyethylene terephthalate a i ʻole PET a i ʻole polyester, ma ke ʻano ʻelua mau ʻano e ʻokoʻa ai:

1. Hoʻihoʻi hou ka lāʻau kemika i nā kumu maka mua mua i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia waikaʻi terephthalic (PTA) a i ʻole dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) a Ethylene glycol (EG) kahi e pau loa ai ka luku polimera, a i ʻole nā ​​mea kikowaena like bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate
2. ʻO ka hoʻoiho ʻana a ka mīkini kahi e mālama ʻia ai a mālama hou ʻia paha nā waiwai polimoli.

E lilo ke kaila o ke kūlohelohe i nā PET i nā kumukūʻai kūpono e hoʻokau wale ai i nā laina kaha hoʻoiho hou ʻia ma mua o 50,000 tons / makahiki. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā laina like ʻole, inā ʻaʻole ma waena o nā wahi hana o nā mea nui i nā mea nui polyester. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka nui o nā ho'āʻo ʻana o ka ʻoihana e hoʻokau i nā mea hana kūlohelohe i nā lāʻau i hala akā ʻaʻole me ka lanakila nui ʻana. ʻO ka hana mau ʻana i ka kemika i loko o Iapana ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokūkū ʻoihana i kēia manawa. ʻO nā kumu ʻelua no kēia: i ka manawa mua, ʻo ka paʻakikī o ka pīhoihoi a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana i ka hue wai waʻa nui i ka nui o nā pae hoʻokahi, a, ma ka lua, ke piʻi mau nei nā kumukūʻai a me nā kumukūʻai kumukūʻai o nā ʻili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia. Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā kumukūʻai o nā pahu wai ʻōpaʻa ma waena o nā makahiki 2000 a me 2008 mai ka 50 Euro / ton a ma luna o 500 Euro / ton i ka 2008.

Hoʻololi ʻia ka hana ʻana a i ʻole hele i ka neʻe ʻana i ka PET ma ka moku pololi i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole i kēia lā. He ʻano maʻamau ia o kēia mau kaʻina hana ma ka liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻoihana nui. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kumukūʻai kumukūʻai me nā hiki i nā mea kanu i loko o kahi pānaʻi o 5000–20,000 tons / makahiki. I kēia hihia, kokoke o nā ʻano ʻikepili i recycled-material i loko o ka ʻatikala i hiki ke hiki i kēia lā. Ke kūkākūkā nei kēia mau kaʻina hana hana hou aʻe ma hope ma mua.

Ma waho aʻe o nā mea pale a me nā ka hōʻino nā huahana i hoʻoiho ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻina mua a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, ke kīleʻa loea nā mīkini i ka hapa nui o ka hoʻohemo ʻana i nā kīnā ma ke kahawai. Hoʻonui hou ʻia nā mea hana lima hou i nā kaʻina hana, ka mea i hoʻolālā mua ʻia no nā lako hou wale nō. No laila, ʻoi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale a me nā kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe e lilo i mea nui loa no ka polyester recycled kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.

Ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hana 'recycling polyester, ke kālele nei mākou ma luna o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i nā kīʻaha PET, a no laila ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano wai piha e like me ka wai, nā wai ʻala, ʻawaʻawa, ʻawaʻawa, pia, ʻōwili, nā mea kīwaha, nā mea kīwaha o ka hale a pēlā aku. He maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā bottles ma muli o ke ʻano a me ka kūlike a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana mai nā kahawai plastik ʻōpala ma o ka ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​hana lima lima lima. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻoihana hana papa polyester e ʻekolu mau māhele nui:

• ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻōpōpō pēpē
• ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā kīʻaha maʻemaʻe: flake production
• Ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka ʻōlepena ʻo PET i nā huahana hope loa

ʻO ka huahana waena mai ka pauku mua e ʻoki ʻia nei ka pahu wili me ka waihona PET ma mua o 90%. ʻO ke kumukūʻai kālepa maʻamau ka bale akā ua brished a maloʻo paha, nā ipu mua i ʻoki ʻia i ka mākeke. I ka pauku ʻalua, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā hue ʻiliʻili i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā momi lapoʻa PET. Hiki i kēia 'ano i hou a paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha ma muli o ke kaila o ka flake i koi ʻia. I ke kolu o ke kolu, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻōkeke bele pēpū i kekahi ʻano huahana e like me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā ipu, ka momona, ka filament, ka mea a me nā kikowaena e like me nā pellets no ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana a me nā mīkini uila.

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻoiho hou ʻana o ka polyester waho (post-consumer), ua loaʻa nā helu o ka hoʻoiho kino internal (mua-ka mea kūʻai aku), kahi i haʻalele ʻole ʻia ai ka mea polymer i kahi papa hana i ka mākeke noa, a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i loko o ka pae kaola like. I kēia ala, hoʻopili maoli ʻia ka paule o ka pulupulu e hana i ka fiber, hoʻoneʻe maoli a ka preform waste i mea e hana ai i nā preforms, a hoʻopili maoli ʻia ka palapala film e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Hoʻolāleʻa ʻoliʻoli ʻōlaʻi pipi

Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka decontamination

Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka kūleʻa o kēlā me kēia kumumanaʻo i ka hana pono o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka decontamination ma kahi kūpono i ka wā e hoʻoiho ai a i kahi kūpono a makemake paha.

Ma kahi holoʻokoʻa, pili nā mea penei: ʻO ka mea mua i ke hana o nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoneʻe ʻia, a ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka hana me kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana.

Ke kiʻekiʻe ʻIzerlelo Ana ka mahana o ka PET ma ke kaha o 280 ° C (536 ° F) ke kumu no ka mea kokoke i nā impurities ʻokanika maʻamau e like me PVC, PLA, pololefin, ka lāʻau lāʻau-pulp a me nā ʻāpana pepa. ʻākeka polyvinyl, hoʻoheheʻe i ke kūleʻa, nā ʻaina kala, ke kō, a kumuʻiʻo ua hoʻololi ʻia nā koena i nā huahana degradation kala i, i ko lākou manawa, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia me nā huahana degradation reactive react. A laila, piʻi nui ka helu o nā kīnā i ke kaulahao polymer. Pālahalaha ka nui o nā ʻāpana o nā impurities, nā huna nui o 60-1000 µ m - i ʻike maka ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe a maʻalahi hoʻi e kānana — e hōʻike ana i ka ʻino liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou ʻāpana āpau a no laila haʻahaʻa ka wikiwiki degradation. ʻO ka hopena o nā hunaola microscopic, ka mea - no ka mea he nui lākou - hoʻonui i ke alapine o nā kīnā i ka polymer, ʻoi aku ka nui.

ʻO ka mākia "ʻO ka mea a ka maka e ʻike ʻole ai ka puʻuwai ʻaʻole hiki ke kaniʻuhū" manaʻo ʻia he mea nui ia i nā kaʻina hana hou he nui. No laila, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana, ka wehe ʻana i nā huna o nā haumia i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā hana filtration hoʻoheheʻe i kahi ʻāpana i kēia hihia.

Ma ka laulā, hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo i nā kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i nā hulu ʻōmole PET mai nā ʻōmole i hōʻiliʻili ʻia a maʻalahi hoʻi e like me ka ʻokoʻa o nā kahawai ʻōpala ʻokoʻa i kā lākou ʻano a me ka maikaʻi. I ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻaʻohe ala hoʻokahi e hana ai. I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻoihana ʻenekini e hāʻawi nei i nā mea kanu hana flake a me nā mea hana, a he paʻakikī e hoʻoholo no hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻolālā mea kanu. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā kaʻina hana e kaʻana like nei i kēia mau loina. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka haku mele a me ka pae haumia o nā mea hoʻokomo, ua noi ʻia nā kaʻina hana maʻamau.

1. Bale wehe, briquette wehe
2. Ho‘okaʻawale a koho ʻia no nā ʻano like like ʻole, nā polimika ʻē aʻe e like me PVC, ka mea haole, ka hemo ʻana i ke kiʻi, pepa, nā aniani, ka pā, ka ʻāina, nā pōhaku, a me nā metala
3. ʻO ka holoi mua ʻole me ke ʻoki ʻana
4. Hoʻopili kūlehu ʻōwili ʻia a hoʻohui ʻia paha i ka holoi ʻana
5. Hoʻopili i nā pōhaku, ke aniani a me ka mea kila
6. Ke hoʻoneʻe ʻana i kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, pepa, a me nā inoa
7. Hoʻopau, maloʻo a / i ʻole nā ​​pulu
8. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i nā polymers haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (kīwī) e ka hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻokoʻa
9. ʻAi-wela
10. Hōʻele palu, a me ka lepo etching, e mālama ana i ka nānā ʻana i ka intrinsic a me ka decontamination
11. ʻO ka holoiʻana
12. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka wai maʻemaʻe
13. ʻOhi
14. Ka-hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā flakes
15. Hoʻokaʻawale uila
16. ʻĀnō ka wai a me ka ʻenehana mālama wai
17. ʻO ka mana o ka pale

Nā hemahema a me nā kumu waiwai

Ke mahuahua mau nei ka nui o nā kīnā a me nā hemahema o ka ʻikepili i hoʻoili ʻia i loko o ka mea polimika — i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polimerika - e noʻonoʻo ana i kahi ola ulu, e ulu ana nā noi hope a me ka hana hou ʻana. E like me ka pili ʻana i nā hue PET ʻōiwi, hiki ke ʻae ʻia nā hemahema i ʻōlelo ʻia ma nā hui e like ana:

1. Ka hoʻololi ʻia o ka polyester OH- a i ʻole nā ​​hui COOH- i hoʻololi i nā hui hope make a i ʻole ka reaktiba, eia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā pūʻulu vinyl ester ma o ka dehydration a decarboxylation o ka waikawa terephthalate, ka hopena o ka hui o OH- a i ka COOH-hope me ka pau ʻole mono-function. nā huahana e like me nā mono-carbonic acid a me nā alcohols. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā hualoaʻa i ka wā o ka re-polycondensation a i ʻole SS-SSP a me ka pālahalaha ana i ka hoʻoili kino o ka mololi.
2. Huli ka hapa ʻana o ka pūʻulu hopena i ke kuhikuhi o nā pūʻulu hopena COOH i kūkulu ʻia ma kahi hoʻomehana a me nā hōʻemi oxidative. Ke emi nei nā hualoaʻa i ka reactivity, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻowalewale autocatalytic acid i ka wā o ka mālama wai ma mua o ke kūlohelohe.
3. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā macromolecules polyfunctional. Hoʻopiʻi i nā gels a me nā kaula pale lōʻihi ka lōʻihi.
4. Ka nui, helu ʻana, a me nā ʻano mea ʻole e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻē aʻe. Me kēlā me kēia kaumaha wela hou, e kūleʻa nā ʻokoʻa kūlohelohe e ka pohō. ʻO kēia ke kumu i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea e kākoʻo ai i nā waiwai a me nā mea hoʻonaninani.
5. Kūkulu ka hui ʻana o nā hui hydroxide a me peroxide i ke kihi o nā huahana i hana ʻia ma ka polyester ma mua o ka ea (oxygen) a me ka haʻahaʻa. Hoʻopuka kēia kaʻina e ka mālamalama ultraviolet. I ka wā o ka hana lapaʻau ulterior, ʻo ka hydro peroxides kahi kumu o ka radical oxygen, kahi e kau ai i ka hoʻomehana. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻia o ka hydro peroxides e hana ʻia ma mua o ka lāʻau hoʻomehana mua a i ʻole i ka wā plasticization a hiki ke kākoʻo ʻia e nā hoʻohui hoʻohui kūpono e like me antioxidants.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā hemahema a me nā palupalu i ʻōlelo ʻia i luna, aia kekahi e hoʻololi nei i nā ʻano pololi e pili ana i kēia manawa i kēlā me kēia kumulā, e ʻike ʻia e ka loiloi a me ka loiloi kino pilikino.

I ke ʻano wae:

• ʻO ka hoʻonui mai o nā pūʻulu hopena COOH
• ʻO ka hoʻonui aʻe o ka helu kala b
• Hoʻonui i nā haze (nā huahana kūwili)
• Ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ʻikepili oligomer
• Hoʻemi i ka kānana
• Ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā huahana nā huahana e like me acetaldehyde, formaldehyde
• Ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā mea i waho o ka mea i waho
• Hoʻemi i ka waihoʻoluʻu L
• Hoʻoholo ʻia e ka wai komo a i ʻole ka ʻike
• ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke aniani a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wikiwiki crystallization
• Hōʻemi i nā mana mīkini e like me ka ikaika tensile, elongation i ka wā hoʻomaha a ʻole paha haʻawi lula
• ʻO ka pālahalaha ʻana o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka momona kaumaha

ʻO ke ʻano hana hou ʻana o nā pēpē PET, ʻo ia ke ʻano hana hana ʻenehana i hāʻawi ʻia e kekahi ʻano ʻoihana ʻoihana.

Hoʻololi i nā hoʻohālike no ka polyester recycled

ʻO nā hana hoʻopōʻaiapuni me ka polyester ʻaneʻane like ʻole e like me nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i nā pellets mua a hoʻoheheʻe paha. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka maʻemaʻe o nā mea i hana hou ʻia, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka polyester i kēia lā i ka hapa nui o nā hana hana polyester e like me ka blend me ka polymer puʻupaʻa a i ʻole ʻo 100% polymer recycled. ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokoe e like me ke kiʻi BOPET o ka mānoanoa haʻahaʻa, nā noi kūikawā e like me ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a i ʻole nā ​​wili ma o ka wili ʻana o FDY ma> 6000 m / min, nā microfilament, a me nā micro-fibers i hana ʻia mai ka polyester wahine wale nō.

ʻO nā kinohi hou ʻana o nā hue wai

ʻO kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wai ʻala i loko o nā ahi, e ka holoi ʻana a me ka crystallizing i nā ahi, ma ka plasticizing a me ka kānana, a me ka pelletizing. ʻO ka huahana kahi re-granulate o kahi kūmole intrinsic ma ka waena o 0.55-0.7 dℓ / g, e pili ana i ka holo mua ʻana o ka pau ʻana o nā lela ʻo PET.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūikawā: Acetaldehyde a me nā oligomers i loko o nā pellets ma ka pae haʻahaʻa; ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hiʻona ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua amele nā ​​pellets a pono e hea ʻia a ʻuluʻulu ʻia ma mua o ka hana hou ʻana.

Hoʻololi e:

• He kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o PET-no ʻōhua
• Hoʻohui i ka hana pā wahine PET
• POPETA kope kino
• Piʻi Piʻiʻi ʻo PET resin e SSP
• Kalepa kāwele
• ʻĀpana ʻōpala
• Nā filila
• ʻAʻole i ulana
• Nā kāʻei pepa
• Kākau māla.

Ke koho ʻana i ke ala hou-pelletizing ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaʻina hoʻololi hou, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ka ikaika a me ke kumukūʻai kūʻai, a no ke ʻano o ka luku wela. Ma kēlāʻaoʻao, ʻo ka mākele pelletizing e hoʻolako nei i kēia mau waiwai:

• Hoʻopaʻa ikaika loa
• ʻO ka mana hoʻomalu waena
• Hoʻololi e nā hoʻohui hoʻohui
• Koho koho a me ka ʻokoʻa ma ka maikaʻi
• Ua hoʻonui ke kō ʻana o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana
• Ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana.

Ka hana ʻana i nā pōpō pēpala a i ʻole nā ​​flakes no nā hue (ʻoi i pōpoki) a me A-PET

ʻO kēia hana, ma ke kumu, like ia me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna; Eia nō naʻe, hoʻopili pololei ʻia nā pellets i hana ʻia (hoʻomau a hoʻomau ʻole ʻia) a laila kau ʻia i kahi polycondensation solid state (SSP) i kahi drier tumbling a i ʻole kahi reactor Tube vertect. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, kūkulu hou ka viscosity intrinsic like o 0.80-0.085 dℓ / g a, i ka manawa like, hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike acetaldehyde i <1 ppm.

ʻO ka hana ʻana o kekahi mau mea hana mīkini a me nā mea hana hale ma ʻEulopa a me USA e hoʻāʻo nei e hāʻawi i nā kaʻina hana kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, e like me ke kaʻina o ka wai (b-2-B), ka mea i kapa ʻia. BePET, Aloha Nānā, URRC a i ʻole BÜHLER, i ka pahuhopu e hoʻolako i ka hōʻoia o ka "ola" o nā koena unuhi i koi ʻia a me ka hemo ʻana o nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻohālikelike e like me ka FDA e noi nei i ka hōʻike hoʻowalewale i kapa ʻia he pono no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka polyester i mālama ʻia i ka ʻāpana meaʻai. Ma waho o kēia ʻae ʻana i ka hana he mea pono nō naʻe ia e hoʻohana mau i nā kaʻina hana e nānā mau i nā palena o ka FDA no nā mea maka i hana ʻia e ia iho no kāna hana.

Hoʻololi pololei nā ʻōnaehana o nā hue

I mea e hoʻopakele ai i nā kumukūʻai, ka mahuahua o nā mea hoʻopihapiha polyester hou e like me ka milo wili, nā mea hana hoʻopiʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​mana kiʻi e hana ana e hana ana i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka pēpē o ka PET-flakes, mai ka mālama ʻana i nā hue hoʻohana mua, me ka manaʻo e hana i ka hoʻonui ʻana helu o polyester intermediates. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mea e pono ai ka 'ike,' aʻole he'ōmaʻomaʻo o ka lihilihi, hiki i ka mea hou ke koho hou i ka ʻike ma o polycondition i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i loko o nā hiʻona a i ʻole solid-state polycondensation o nā leʻaleʻa. Ke hoʻopihapiha nei nā ʻōnaehana hoʻololi ʻana o ka pēpē PET hou i nā extruders twins, multi-screw extruders a multi-rotation system a coincidental vacuum degassing e kāpae i ka lepo a pale i ka flake mua-holoi. Hāʻawi kēia mau kaʻina hana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻōiwi Piole ʻole i ʻole ka nui o ka nānā nui ʻana ma o ka hydrolysis.

E pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka lapalapa o nā pēpē PET, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka 70% e hoʻohuli ʻia i nā fibers a me nā filamen. Ke hoʻohana pololei nei i nā kumuwaiwai pae lua e like me nā hue wai uʻi ma nā ʻōnaehana o ka milo, he liʻiliʻi nā hana aʻoaʻo e loaʻa ai.

ʻO nā ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana o POY maʻamau e pono i kahi ākea o 0.62-0.64 dℓ / g. Hoʻomaka mai nā flakes flakes, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻopā ma o ka nui o ka maloʻo. Ka hoʻohana hou ʻana o TiO₂ he pono no ka piha piha a i ʻole semi dull. I mea e pale ai i ka spinnerets, kahi kānana hoʻokipa o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, i kēlā me kēia kūlana. No ka manawa, ʻo ka nui o ka POY i kūkulu ʻia he 100% polyse recycling e haʻahaʻa loa no ka mea e makemake ai kēia kaʻina maʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hoʻohana ʻia kahi kāwili o ka wahine puʻupaʻa a me nā ʻeliā recycled pellets.

Kūpono nā ʻōhua o nā ʻōpū i loko o kahi ākea intrinsic e waiho i lalo a he pono i waena o 0.58 a me 0.62 dℓ / g. I kēia hihia, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻike nui ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hue. No ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mea maopopo, akā, kahi hoʻohui o ka kaulahao lohi like Ethylene glycol or kekehi glycol hiki nō ke hoʻohana ʻia.

Kāʻohi i ka ʻili ʻole-ma ka pā kī ʻauhau maikaʻi no nā noi palapala a me ka hoʻohaʻapaʻa ʻole ʻana i nā kālā i ʻole e wili ʻia e like me nā mea kumu, no ka uhi ʻana i ka hale a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alanui. Aia hou ka nūnū ʻana ma waena o kahi o ka 0.58-0.65 dℓ / g.

ʻO kahi papa e hoʻonui ai i ka makemake i kahi e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻihoʻi, ʻo ka hana ʻana o nā paila pale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a me nā monofilament. I nā kūlana ʻelua, ʻo ka mīkini maka mua he kumu nui loa o ke kaikeke nui kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohālikelike nā kāwili hoʻopiʻi kiʻekiʻe-tenacity a ʻo ka monofilament i ka hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

Hoʻopili hou ʻia i nā monomers

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Polyethylene terephthalate e hoʻohua i nā monomers konoho. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā monomers e hoʻomākaukau no ka polyethylene terephthalate hou. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mea paʻa ma ka polyethylene terephthalate e nā hydrolysis, a i ʻole transesterification. ʻO nā hopena, ke hoʻohuli wale nei o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana.

ʻO ka glycolysis ʻāpana

ʻO kahi glycolysis hapa (transesterification me etylene glycol) e hoʻohuli i ka polymer i kaupalena i nā pōpoki lōʻihi i hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia o nā kīnā, hiki ke hānai ʻia nā oligomers i loko o ke kaʻina hana no ka polymerization.

Hāpai ka hana ma ka hānai ʻana i ka wai o nā hue pahu laʻa no ka mālama ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā pellets o ka pahu i hana ʻia ma ka laina. Hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia pahuhopu e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pahu o ka pahu paila PET - i ka manawa o ko lākou palani mua ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia i loko o kahi extruder hoʻokahi - a i ʻole he pahuhopu pākēneka nui o ka 10 dℓ / g ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā helu liʻiliʻi o ka ethylene glycol a me e ka helu ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i kahi kānana hoʻokama kūpono kūpono ma hope o ka plasticization. Eia kekahi, lawe ʻia ka mahana i ka palena haʻahaʻa loa. Eia kekahi, me kēia ala o ka hoʻonaninani, hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i kahi ʻona o nā hydro peroxides hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i kahi P-stabilizer kūpono i ka wā hoʻoili. ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pūʻulu hydro peroxide, me nā hana ʻē aʻe, ua hana ʻia ma ka hana hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka lehelehe no ka hoʻohui ʻana me H₃PO₃. Hāʻawi mau ʻia ka mea glycolyzed a me nā kānana finely i hana ʻia i ka esterification a i ʻole prepolycondensation reactor, ke hoʻoponopono ʻia nei ka nui o nā mea i hana ʻia.

Ka huina glycolysis, methanolysis, a me hydrolysis

ʻO ka mālama ʻana o ka palu polone ma ka glycolysis e hoʻohuli i ka polyester i bis (2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂).). Hoʻomaʻemae ʻia kēia pūleʻa e ka hoʻoliʻu vacuum, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hana polyester. ʻO ka hana e hoʻopili ʻia:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂ʻO)]_n + n HOCH₂CH₂OH → n C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂OH)₂

Ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia ala huikau ma ke kahua ʻenehana ma Iapana e like me ka hoʻokolohua hoʻāʻo.

E like me ka nui o ka glycolysis, ke hoʻohuli nei ka methanolysis i ka polyester e dimethyl terephthalate, hiki ke kānana ʻia a hoʻoilo ʻole ʻia ka hakahaka.

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂ʻO)]_n + 2n CH₃OH → n C₆H₄(CO₂CH₃)₂

Hoʻolaha wale ka Methanolysis i ka hana i kēia lā no ka mea ua emi nui ka hana polyester e pili ana i ka dimethyl terephthalate me nā hua he nui o nā mea hana dimethyl terephthalate.

E like me ka mea i luna, hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka polyethylene terephthalate i ka waikawa terephthalic a Ethylene glycol i lalo o ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi. Hiki i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka waila mite terephthalic hopena e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e hoʻonohonohoʻike hou ʻia e hoʻohua i nā mea kūpono no ka re-polymerization:

[(CO) C₆H₄(CO₂CH₂CH₂ʻO)]_n + 2n H₂O o → n C₆H₄(CO₂H)₂ + n HOCH₂CH₂OH

ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano hana.